Zoology with Hanan

  Phylum Sarcomastigophora Subphylum Actinopoda: Foraminiferans ; hole bearers meaning that their shells have multiple chambers Commonly called foratus . Single-celled organisms (unicellular eukaryotes). A marine group of amoeba They possess reticulopods. They secrete a test of calcium carbonate. The test is an external shell that is of various forms and compositions. They are benthic or planktonic. (Benthic; Living on or within the seafloor sediments) Live in the upper 50m of the ocean Foraminiferans grow to secrete new larger chambers . Chambers remains attached to the older Chambers. Therefore, the test enlargement follows a symmetrical pattern. It may form two types of Chambers: Straight chain of Chambers The spiral arrangement that resembles a snail shell     Many of these tests become relatively large. For example mermaids pennies. It is several centimeters in diameter. It is found in Australia. They move by pseudopodia. gametis have 2 flagella. Alternate between haploid an

Phylum sarcomastigophora Class Zoomastigophora Lack chloroplasts Heterotrophic Parasites of human For example Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei (a species of Trypanosoma): Sub species of trypanosoma brucei: T.b. brucei, T.b. gambiense, T.b. rhodesiense.  collectively known as a Trypanosoma brucei complex. The first she is a parasite of nonhuman mammals of Africa. The latter two cause sleeping sickness in humans. Vector of Trypanosoma brucei: Tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) Is an intermediate host and vector of all three subspecies. Disease cycle Cycle in the fly:   A tsetse fly bites an infected human or mammal,  Sucks blood and picks up parasites,  trypanosomes multiply asexually in the gut of the fly for about 10 days, migrate to the salivary glands,  forms a number of body forms in 15 to 35 days. Cycle in vertebrate host: Infected tsetse fly bites another vertebrate host The parasite travel with salivary secretions into the blood of a new definitive host The parasites multiply asexually in

Slides are available in the link given below! Phylum Euglenophyta It's a very small Phylum of Kingdom protista consisting of of unicellular aquatic algae Many of protists show resemblances with plants as well as with animals They live in freshwater and may have flagella which makes them motile The organisms included in this phylum are called euglenoids, euglenozoa and euglenophytes Euglena It is a freshwater phytomastigophorean. It has the following characteristics. Nutrition: Each chloroplast has a pyrenoid. It synthesizes and stores polysaccharides (Autotrophic).  OR  euglenoids feed by absorption in darkness and lose there green colour (Saprophytic or saprozooic).  OR  some euglenoids (peranema) lack chloroplasts (Heterotrophic) . Stigma (a pigment shield): euglena orients towards light of certain intensities. Pigment shield stigma covers of photoreceptor at the base of the flagellum. It allows light to strike the photoreceptor from only one direction. Thus euglena orients and

Protozoan Taxonomy Phylum sarcomastigophora Protozoologists: zoologists who specialize in study of protozoa. Protozoa as a sub kingdom 7 separate phyla Classification basis: types of nuclei, mode of reproduction, mechanism of locomotion. Following are different phyla Sarcomastigophora, labyrinthomorpha, apicomplexa, microspora, acetospora, myxozoa, and ciliophora Phylum sarcomastigophora Sarcomastigophora means flashy whip bearing. Largest protozoan phylum More than 18000 described species They are unicellular or colonial Locomotion by flagella, pseudopodia or both Autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprozoic Single type of nucleus Sexual reproduction    Subphylum mastigophora Members of subphylum mastigophora have flagella for locomotion. The flagella push or pull the protozoan through aquatic medium. The flagella may produce two dimension whip like or helical movements. Examples : Euglena and Volvox Classes of subphylum mastigophora There are 2 classes of subphylum mastigophora Phytomastigo

We are gonna discuss about animal like protists here which include Zooflagellates and Ciliates . first of all we will know about Zooflagellates. ZOOFLAGELLATES Habitat : T hey live as free living organisms, sometimes as symbionts or parasites. Body form/ Structure : They are found in unicellular as well as colonial forms. their body form may be spherical or elongated with only a central nucleus. Nutrition : They ingest living or dead decaying organisms. Some of them can also absorb dead decomposing organic material.  Examples involve trichonymphas , trypanosoma , and choanoflagellates . for further details click on the following link; https://www.blogger.com/.../557600180.../1864345165818477771 CILIATES Pellicle : Flexible outer covering that gives definite shape but changeable. They are unicellular organisms. Locomotion : They show ciliary movements. For example paramecium is a ciliate. some may be sessile and remain attached to their substrates. They also have cilia but for wate