Phylum Sarcomastigophora; Class Zoomastigophora -- What is sleepingsickness?

Phylumsarcomastigophora

Class Zoomastigophora
  • Lack chloroplasts
  • Heterotrophic
  • Parasites of human
  • For example Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma brucei (a species of Trypanosoma):

  • Sub species of trypanosoma brucei: T.b. brucei, T.b. gambiense, T.b. rhodesiense. 

  • collectively known as a Trypanosoma brucei complex.

  • The first she is a parasite of nonhuman mammals of Africa. The latter two cause sleeping sickness in humans.

  • Vector of Trypanosoma brucei: Tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) Is an intermediate host and vector of all three subspecies.
Disease cycle

Cycle in the fly: 

  • A tsetse fly bites an infected human or mammal, 
  • Sucks blood and picks up parasites, 
  • trypanosomes multiply asexually in the gut of the fly for about 10 days, migrate to the salivary glands, 
  • forms a number of body forms in 15 to 35 days.

Cycle in vertebrate host:
  • Infected tsetse fly bites another vertebrate host
  • The parasite travel with salivary secretions into the blood of a new definitive host
  • The parasites multiply asexually in the new host
  • It again transforms through a number of body forms

Disease cycle:

  • The parasite lives in blood lymph, spleen, central nervous system, and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Diseases caused: apathy, mental dullness, and lack of coordination. Sleepiness develops in a host. 
  • An infected individual may fall asleep during normal day time activities
  • It may cause death due to previous symptoms of heart failure, malnutrition, and other weakened conditions.
  • Sleeping sickness is curable at the early stages. But recovery is impossible in advanced infection of the central nervous system.





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